{"id":258,"date":"2013-02-27T09:32:26","date_gmt":"2013-02-27T14:32:26","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/istvanhorvath.com\/huma\/?p=258"},"modified":"2016-01-29T18:51:14","modified_gmt":"2016-01-29T18:51:14","slug":"bi-lingua","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/istvanhorvath.com\/huma\/bi-lingua\/","title":{"rendered":"BI-LINGUA"},"content":{"rendered":"
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A Sz\u00e9kelyf\u00f6ld elquebekesed\u00e9s\u00e9r\u0151l<\/h2>\n

Azok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, akik nincsenek kell\u0151k\u00e9ppen kikup\u00e1lva: Quebec egy kanadai tartom\u00e1ny (province), ami a t\u00f6bbi kilenc tartom\u00e1nnyal \u00e9s h\u00e1rom ter\u00fclettel egy\u00fctt alkotja a sz\u00f6vets\u00e9gi \u00e1llamot. A tartom\u00e1nyok igen hasonlatosak az USA-beli \u00e1llamokra vagy a n\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gi Landokra: van saj\u00e1t helyi nemzetgy\u0171l\u00e9s\u00fck \u00e9s korm\u00e1nyuk, saj\u00e1t t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyhoz\u00e1suk \u00e9s mindenf\u00e9le nyal\u00e1nks\u00e1g.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1sik, igen fontos t\u00e9ny: Kanad\u00e1t hivatalosan k\u00e9tnyelv\u0171 orsz\u00e1gnak nyilv\u00e1n\u00edtottak t\u00f6rt\u00e9nelmi okokb\u00f3l kifoly\u00f3lag – mind az angol, mind a francia hivatalos nyelv, a sz\u00f6vets\u00e9gi korm\u00e1ny \u00f6sszes dokumentuma mindk\u00e9t nyelven megjelenik; a sz\u00f6vets\u00e9gi parlamentben b\u00e1rmelyik hivatalos nyelven meg \u00e9s fel lehet sz\u00f3lalni; a Kanad\u00e1t \u00e1tv\u00e1g\u00f3 1-es sz\u00e1m\u00fa (transzkanadai) orsz\u00e1g\u00faton<\/a> a jelek k\u00e9tnyelv\u0171ek… illetve, m\u00e9gsem, de erre visszat\u00e9r\u00fcnk.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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Despre quebechizarea \u021ainutului Secuiesc<\/h2>\n

Pentru cei ne\u0219tiutori de carte: Quebec este o provincie \u00een Canada care, \u00eempreun\u0103 cu celelalte nou\u0103 provincii \u0219i trei teritorii, formeaz\u0103 statul federal. Provinciile sunt foarte asem\u0103n\u0103toare cu statele din SUA sau cu Landurile din Germania: au parlament \u0219i guvern provincial, legisla\u021bie proprie \u0219i tot tac\u00e2mul.<\/p>\n

Un alt fapt important: Canada a fost declarat\u0103 o \u021bar\u0103 bilingv\u0103 din motive istorice. \u0218i engleza \u0219i franceza sunt limbi oficiale, toate documentele guvernului federal fiind publicate \u00een ambele limbi; \u00een parlamentul federal se poate vorbi in oricare dintre limbile oficiale. Pe \u0218oseaua Transcanadian\u0103<\/a> (Highway #1) toate semnele sunt bilingve… adic\u0103 nu chiar toate, dar vom reveni.
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\"Canada\"
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A francia nyelvet besz\u00e9l\u0151k Kanada \u00f6sszlakoss\u00e1g\u00e1nak mintegy 22%-\u00e1t teszik ki, s ezek nagy t\u00f6bbs\u00e9ge Quebecben \u00e9l. A marad\u00e9kot nyugodtan tekinthetj\u00fck elt\u0171n\u0151f\u00e9lben lev\u0151 sz\u00f3rv\u00e1nynak, noha l\u00e9tezik n\u00e9h\u00e1ny t\u00f6mb, mint p\u00e9ld\u00e1ul Manitoba tartom\u00e1nyban \u00e9s az atlanti vid\u00e9ken.<\/p>\n

Mivel ez alkotm\u00e1nyosan lehets\u00e9ges, Quebec a francia nyelvet szabta meg az egyed\u00fcli hivatalos nyelvk\u00e9nt ebben a tartom\u00e1nyban. Csakhogy foglaljuk \u00f6ssze a tiszt\u00e1z\u00e1s ok\u00e1n: eg\u00e9sz Kanada k\u00e9tnyelv\u0171 (angol\/francia) sz\u00f6vets\u00e9gi szinten, de tartom\u00e1nyi szinten Quebecben – NO ENGLISH. Csak \u00e9s kiz\u00e1r\u00f3lag francia nyelv, csak quebeci z\u00e1szl\u00f3 (igen, a jelenlegi korm\u00e1ny beiktat\u00e1sakor, 2012 szeptember\u00e9ben a Quebec Cityben sz\u00e9kel\u0151 t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyhoz\u00e1s \u00e9p\u00fclet\u00e9b\u0151l elt\u0171nt a kanadai lobog\u00f3!)
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\nA francia nyelv egyeduralm\u00e1t szorgalmaz\u00f3 t\u00f6rv\u00e9nykez\u00e9st az \u0151shonos francia nyelv \u00e9s kult\u00fara „v\u00e9delm\u00e9t” szolg\u00e1l\u00f3 int\u00e9zked\u00e9sk\u00e9nt magyar\u00e1zt\u00e1k \u00e9s indokolt\u00e1k.<\/p>\n

\u00cdgy azt\u00e1n most m\u00e1r a nyolcsz\u00f6glet\u0171 t\u00e1bla az utcasarkon nem azt mondja, hogy STOP, hanem azt, hogy ARR\u00caT. A Csendes-\u00f3cen\u00e1nt\u00f3l az Atlanti-\u00f3ce\u00e1nig vezet\u0151 m\u0171\u00faton, amelyen mindenhol k\u00e9tnyelv\u0171ek a t\u00e1bl\u00e1k, Quebecben csak francia feliratokat l\u00e1tni. M\u00edg a francia sz\u00f6veg\u0171 k\u00f6zleked\u00e9si t\u00e1bla ink\u00e1bb a humorist\u00e1knak ad napi mun\u00edci\u00f3t, az angol nyelv\u0171 \u00fatjelz\u00e9sek hi\u00e1nya egy olyan vid\u00e9ken, amelynek egyik legfontosabb bev\u00e9teli forr\u00e1sa az amerikai turizmus, az m\u00e1r viszont szarvashiba.<\/p>\n

Azt\u00e1n j\u00f6tt m\u00e9g sok hasonl\u00f3 nyelv- \u00e9s kult\u00farav\u00e9d\u0151 akci\u00f3.
\nA Quebecben bejegyzett c\u00e9gek weboldala csak francia nyelv\u0171 lehet. Hogy mit? Hogy Amerika \u00e9s Kanada angol tartom\u00e1nyai az \u00fczletfeleid, ahol csak angolul besz\u00e9lnek? Az az \u0151 bajuk…
\nHa nyitsz egy sarki boltot \u00e9s kiteszed a c\u00e9gt\u00e1bl\u00e1t, hogy Bolt – az csak francia lehet.
\nDe ha m\u00e9gis sz\u00edv\u00f3skodol, \u00e9s ragaszkodsz a k\u00e9tnyelv\u0171 felirat \u00f6tlet\u00e9hez (Bolt\/Shop), akkor az angol v\u00e1ltozat bet\u0171je csak feleakkora lehet, mint a francia. Francia felirat – 20 centi. Angol felirat – 10 centi. S mert rend a lelke mindennek, l\u00e9trehozt\u00e1k a nyelvrend\u0151rs\u00e9get is (Language Police). Ezek azt\u00e1n nyakukba veszik a v\u00e1rost \u00e9s a colstokkal m\u00e9rik a sz\u00f6vegeket: ha az angol b\u00f6t\u0171 nagyobb, mint a franci\u00e1nak a fele – elk\u00fartad! B\u00edrs\u00e1gol\u00e1s.
\nAngol nyelv\u0171 weblap? B\u00edrs\u00e1gol\u00e1s.
\nOlasz \u00e9telnevek (pasta) egy olasz vend\u00e9gl\u0151 \u00e9tlapj\u00e1n? B\u00edrs\u00e1gol\u00e1s.
\nQuebecbe cs\u00f6ppent \u00fajkanadai vagy \u00e9s angol iskol\u00e1ba szeretn\u00e9d j\u00e1ratni a gyermekedet? Azt nem lehet. Franci\u00e1ul kell tanulni \u00e9s pofa be!<\/p>\n

Ilyenk\u00e9ppen azt\u00e1n n\u00e9h\u00e1ny \u00e9v alatt siker\u00fclt el\u0171zni az „anglof\u00f3nok” j\u00f3r\u00e9sz\u00e9t (arrafel\u00e9 \u00edgy nevezik az angolul besz\u00e9l\u0151ket): ezrek telep\u00fcltek \u00e1t az orsz\u00e1g m\u00e1s r\u00e9szeire. A f\u00e9lre\u00e9rt\u00e9sek elker\u00fcl\u00e9se ok\u00e1n: ezek az angolok \u00e9pp olyan bennsz\u00fcl\u00f6ttek voltak, mint a franci\u00e1k, \u00e9vsz\u00e1zadok \u00f3ta \u00e9ltek azon a t\u00e1jon…<\/p>\n

A hab a tort\u00e1n, hogy a hangoskod\u00f3 nacionalist\u00e1k olykor-olykor kac\u00e9rkodnak \u00e1m a f\u00fcggetlens\u00e9g gondolat\u00e1val is – olyankor szuver\u00e9nist\u00e1knak mondj\u00e1k \u0151ket. Azokat, akik elszakadn\u00e1nak Kanad\u00e1t\u00f3l \u00e9s egy szuver\u00e9n, f\u00fcggetlen \u00e1llam polg\u00e1rai lenn\u00e9nek. Persze, ez csak aff\u00e9le mumus, amivel a sz\u00f6vets\u00e9gi korm\u00e1nyt lehet riogatni, hogy m\u00e9g t\u00f6bb p\u00e9nzt osztogasson a t\u00f6bbi gazdagabb \u00e9s szorgalmasabb tartom\u00e1ny \u00e1ltal \u00f6sszehordott k\u00f6zponti alapb\u00f3l. Na, az ijesztget\u0151sdi olyan j\u00f3l ment, hogy az \u00f6sszes nagyv\u00e1llalat (k\u00f6zt\u00fck a saj\u00e1t kanadai bankjaink, a multik nagyr\u00e9sze stb.) erre gyorsan Toront\u00f3ba k\u00f6lt\u00f6z\u00f6tt, nagy \u0171rt hagyv\u00e1n maguk ut\u00e1n a quebeko\u00e1z gazdas\u00e1gban \u00e9s zsebekben.<\/p>\n

Sz\u00f3val, a dolgok \u00e1ll\u00e1sa: eg\u00e9sz Kanada angolul besz\u00e9l. Kanada k\u00f6zep\u00e9n van egy tartom\u00e1ny, ahol – hivatalb\u00f3l – franci\u00e1ul besz\u00e9lnek. Itt az angolt nem t\u0171rik, mondhatni, \u00fcld\u00f6zik. Mindezt a liber\u00e1lis paradicsomban, a multikulturalizmus \u00e9llovas orsz\u00e1g\u00e1ban, melyre Kelet-Eur\u00f3pa \u00e1h\u00edtattal tekint.<\/p>\n

Funar kolozsv\u00e1ri b\u0151d\u00fcletes marhas\u00e1gai idej\u00e9n nem is mertem Quebecet arrafel\u00e9 emlegetni, nehogy m\u00e1r \u00f6tleteket adjak neki. A minden francia dolgok ir\u00e1nti rom\u00e1n vonzalmakat (\u00e9s t\u00e1n a nyelvi-filoz\u00f3fikus rokons\u00e1got is) figyelembe v\u00e9ve, erd\u00e9lyi magyar sorst\u00e1rsaimra \u00fagy tekintettem, mint a Quebec-i angolok otthoni megfelel\u0151ire: egy megmagyar\u00e1zhatatlan eredet\u0171 nacionalista-soviniszta indulat \u00e1ldozataira.<\/p>\n

\u00dajabban, mik\u00f6zben figyelemmel k\u00eds\u00e9rtem az otthoni sajn\u00e1latos esem\u00e9nyeket \u00e9s l\u00e1ttam az auton\u00f3mia, \u00f6nkorm\u00e1nyzat \u00e9s t\u00e1rsai k\u00f6r\u00fcli s\u00f6t\u00e9t tudatlans\u00e1got, r\u00e1 kellett d\u00f6bbennem: Sz\u00e9kelyf\u00f6ld \u00e9pp olyan lenne, mint Quebec, ha hagyn\u00e1k, azaz ha a nemzetnyelvi alap\u00fa auton\u00f3mi\u00e1t kapna… Ha egyszer bevezetn\u00e9k, mi \u00e1ll\u00edthatn\u00e1 meg az elquebekesed\u00e9s \u00fatj\u00e1n?\n<\/p><\/div>\n

Vorbitorii limbii franceze, \u00een toat\u0103 Canada, reprezint\u0103 circa 22% din popula\u021bia total\u0103 \u0219i majoritatea acestora tr\u0103ie\u0219te \u00een provincia Quebec. Restul se poate considera o diaspor\u0103 \u00een dispari\u021bie, de\u0219i exist\u0103 c\u00e2teva blocuri mai compacte cum ar fi \u00een Manitoba \u0219i \u00een regiunile atlantice.<\/p>\n

Deoarece Constitu\u021bia permite, Quebec a declarat c\u0103 limba oficial\u0103 \u00een aceast\u0103 provincie este francez\u0103. Deci, doar pentru a recapitula \u0219i a clarifica: toat\u0103 Canada trebuie s\u0103 fie bilingv\u0103 (englez\u0103\/francez\u0103) pe plan federal, dar pe plan provincial \u00een Quebec – NO ENGLISH. Numai limb\u0103 francez\u0103, numai steagul Quebec (da, la \u00eenvestirea noului guvern \u00een septembrie 2012, drapelul Canadei a fost absent din legislatur\u0103 \u00een Quebec City!),<\/p>\n

Hot\u0103r\u00e2rea privind suprema\u021bia limbii franceze a fost explicat\u0103 \u0219i justificat\u0103 cu „ocrotirea” limbii \u0219i culturii franceze autohtone \u00een aceea provincie.<\/p>\n

A\u0219a c\u0103 tabla octogonal\u0103 pe col\u021bul str\u0103zii nu spune STOP, ci ARR\u00caT. Pe \u0219oseaua care duce de la Pacific p\u00e2n\u0103 la Atlantic, \u0219i are semne bilingve peste tot, \u00een Quebec se v\u0103d numai semne \u0219i \u00eenscrip\u021bii in limba francez\u0103. Semnul de circula\u021bie cu text francez e mai mult un prilej pentru haz, \u00eens\u0103 lipsa semnelor rutiere \u00een englez\u0103, \u00eentr-o regiune \u00een care turismul din SUA este o surs\u0103 important\u0103 de venituri pentru economie, pare s\u0103 fie a gre\u0219eal\u0103 grosolan\u0103.
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\n\u0218i au urmat multe alte ac\u021biuni de ap\u0103rare a limbii \u0219i culturii.
\nFirmele \u00eenregistrate \u00een Quebec, dac\u0103 \u00ee\u0219i fac un website, acesta trebuie s\u0103 fie in francez\u0103. Cum? C\u0103 faci comer\u021b cu restul Canadei \u0219i cu SUA, unde se vorbe\u0219te numai englez\u0103? Treaba lor…
\nDac\u0103 deschizi o gheret\u0103 \u0219i pui firma Pr\u0103v\u0103lie – asta trebuie s\u0103 fie \u00een francez\u0103. \u0218i dac\u0103, totu\u0219i, insi\u0219ti c\u0103 vrei reclam\u0103 bilingv\u0103 (Pr\u0103v\u0103lie\/Shop), varianta englez\u0103 trebuie (musai!) s\u0103 fie cu caracterele la jum\u0103tate de m\u0103rime : textul francez – litere de 20 cm ; textul englez – litere de 10 cm. \u0218i pentru c\u0103 trebuie s\u0103 fie ordine, s-a \u00eenfiin\u021bat \u0219i poli\u021bia lingvistic\u0103 (Language Police). Membrii acesteia se iau pe drumuri \u0219i m\u0103soar\u0103 m\u0103rimea literelor \u00een ambele texte cu centimetrul: dac\u0103 cea englez\u0103 e mai mare dec\u00e2t jum\u0103tatea celei \u00een francez\u0103 – ai belit-o! Amendat.
\nWebsite \u00een limba englez\u0103? Amendat.
\nM\u00e2nc\u0103ruri italiene cu nume italiene\u0219ti (pasta) \u00eentr-un restaurant italian? Amendat.
\nE\u0219ti nou venit \u00een Canada ajuns in Quebec \u0219i vrei ca copilul t\u0103u s\u0103 mearg\u0103 la \u0219coal\u0103 englez\u0103? Nu se poate! \u00cenva\u021b\u0103 francez\u0103 \u0219i \u021bine-\u021bi gura!<\/p>\n

Astfel, \u00een curs de c\u00e2\u021biva ani au reu\u0219it s\u0103 alunge o bun\u0103 parte a „anglofonilor” (a\u0219a le zic ei celor care vorbesc englez\u0103): mii \u0219i mii s-au mutat \u00een alte p\u0103r\u021bi ale \u021b\u0103rii. Pentru evitarea confuziei: ace\u0219ti englezi erau tot a\u0219a de b\u0103\u0219tina\u0219i ca \u0219i francezii, tr\u0103ind acolo de secole…<\/p>\n

Colac peste pup\u0103z\u0103, na\u021bionali\u0219tii cu gura mare din c\u00e2nd \u00een c\u00e2nd cocheteaz\u0103 \u0219i cu ideea independen\u021bei – ei aici se numesc suverani\u0219ti. Adic\u0103 cei cu ideea de secesiune de la Canada \u0219i formarea unui stat suveran, independent. Bine\u00een\u021beles, e un bau-bau s\u0103 sperie guvernul federal \u0219i s\u0103 ob\u021bin\u0103 mai multe fonduri din sumele cu care contribuie celelalte provincii mai bogate \u0219i mai harnice. Speriatoarea a avut a\u0219a succes c\u0103 toate firmele mari ( ca b\u0103ncile noastre canadiene, majoritatea multina\u021bionalelor \u0219.a.m.d. ) s-au mutat repede la Toronto, l\u0103s\u00e2nd un mare gol \u00een economia \u0219i buzunarul quebecois.<\/p>\n

Deci lucrurile stau cam a\u0219a: toat\u0103 Canada vorbe\u0219te englez\u0103. \u00cen mijlocul Canadei este o regiune unde – oficial – se vorbe\u0219te francez\u0103. Aici limba englez\u0103 nu e binevenit\u0103, am putea spune este cam persecutat\u0103. \u0218i toat\u0103 povestea asta \u00een paradisul liberalist, \u021bara frunta\u0219\u0103 la multiculturalism etc. pe care tot Europa R\u0103s\u0103ritean\u0103 invideaz\u0103.<\/p>\n

Pe timpul c\u00e2nd Funar r\u0103cnea t\u00e2mpeniile sale la Cluj, mi-era \u0219i fric\u0103 s\u0103 zic ceva despre Quebec, nu cumva s\u0103-i mai dau idei. Av\u00e2nd \u00een vedere afinitatea rom\u00e2neasc\u0103 pentru tot ce e francez (precum, poate, \u0219i rudenia lingvistico-filosofic\u0103), vedeam pe confra\u021bii mei maghiari din Transilvania ca omologii anglofonilor din Quebec: persecuta\u021bi de o manie inexplicabil\u0103 pentru na\u021bionalism \u0219i \u0219ovinism.<\/p>\n

Mai recent, urm\u0103r\u00e2nd cu aten\u021bie ni\u0219te evenimente nefericite de acas\u0103 \u0219i v\u0103z\u00e2nd incultura absolut\u0103 \u00een privin\u021ba chestiunilor ca autonomie, auto-guvernare etc. am realizat c\u0103 fenomenul este inevitabil: \u021ainutul Secuiesc ar fi foarte asem\u0103n\u0103tor cu Quebec – dac\u0103-i dai autonomie pe baz\u0103 etno-lingvistic\u0103… Odat\u0103 stabilit, ce-l poate opri pe drumul spre quebechizare?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

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\nImage credits: thestar.com; cornwallfreenews.com; thenonconformer.wordpress.com & author.
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A Sz\u00e9kelyf\u00f6ld elquebekesed\u00e9s\u00e9r\u0151l Azok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, akik nincsenek kell\u0151k\u00e9ppen kikup\u00e1lva: Quebec egy kanadai tartom\u00e1ny (province), ami a t\u00f6bbi kilenc tartom\u00e1nnyal \u00e9s h\u00e1rom ter\u00fclettel egy\u00fctt alkotja a sz\u00f6vets\u00e9gi \u00e1llamot. A tartom\u00e1nyok igen hasonlatosak az USA-beli \u00e1llamokra vagy a n\u00e9metorsz\u00e1gi Landokra: van saj\u00e1t helyi nemzetgy\u0171l\u00e9s\u00fck \u00e9s korm\u00e1nyuk, saj\u00e1t t\u00f6rv\u00e9nyhoz\u00e1suk \u00e9s mindenf\u00e9le nyal\u00e1nks\u00e1g. M\u00e1sik, igen fontos t\u00e9ny: Kanad\u00e1t hivatalosan… Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[23,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-258","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-multilingua","category-vegyes"],"yoast_head":"\nBI-LINGUA - Id\u0151utaz\u00e1sok a t\u00e9rben<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/istvanhorvath.com\/huma\/bi-lingua\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"hu_HU\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"BI-LINGUA - Id\u0151utaz\u00e1sok a t\u00e9rben\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"A Sz\u00e9kelyf\u00f6ld elquebekesed\u00e9s\u00e9r\u0151l Azok sz\u00e1m\u00e1ra, akik nincsenek kell\u0151k\u00e9ppen kikup\u00e1lva: Quebec egy kanadai tartom\u00e1ny (province), ami a t\u00f6bbi kilenc tartom\u00e1nnyal \u00e9s h\u00e1rom ter\u00fclettel egy\u00fctt alkotja a sz\u00f6vets\u00e9gi \u00e1llamot. 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